Which of the following conditions is associated with increased risk of Lithium toxicity?

Lithium is a medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, and its therapeutic range is narrow, meaning that small changes in dosage or body chemistry can lead to toxicity. Renal insufficiency significantly affects the excretion of lithium from the body. The kidneys are primarily responsible for eliminating lithium, so if they are not functioning correctly, lithium levels can accumulate in the bloodstream, leading to increased risk of toxicity.

Patients with renal insufficiency may exhibit reduced clearance of lithium, which can lead to side effects ranging from mild (nausea, tremors) to severe (seizures, coma) as the serum lithium levels rise above the therapeutic range. As such, monitoring renal function is essential in patients receiving lithium therapy to prevent these adverse effects.

The other conditions listed either do not have a direct impact on lithium clearance (like hypothyroidism and diabetes) or are unrelated to lithium management (such as Cronobacter infection), making them less relevant to the risk of lithium toxicity.