What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Vilazodone?

Vilazodone's mechanism of action is primarily characterized as a serotonin partial agonist and reuptake inhibitor. This means that it not only inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft, but also acts as a partial agonist at the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. By doing so, Vilazodone provides a dual mechanism that can enhance mood and alleviate symptoms of depression more effectively than traditional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

The partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A can facilitate norepinephrine and dopamine release, contributing to its therapeutic effects and potentially offering a more favorable side effect profile. This dual action distinguishes Vilazodone from other antidepressants, leading to its effectiveness in treating major depressive disorder.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for assessing how Vilazodone compares to other options available for treating depression, which either target serotonin reuptake alone or act on different neurotransmitter systems entirely.