What characterizes bipolar 1 disorder?

Bipolar 1 disorder is primarily characterized by the presence of at least one manic episode. While it is common for individuals with bipolar 1 disorder to also experience major depressive episodes, the defining feature that distinguishes this condition is the occurrence of manic episodes.

Manic episodes involve elevated mood, increased energy, and other symptoms that can significantly impair functioning or require hospitalization to prevent harm. This can manifest in behaviors such as engaging in risky activities, having an inflated sense of self-importance, or experiencing racing thoughts.

While hypomanic episodes can occur in bipolar 1 disorder, they are not required for the diagnosis. It's critical to understand that a diagnosis of bipolar 1 disorder can be made even if the individual has never experienced a hypomanic episode.

The other options presented focus on different aspects or incomplete representations of bipolar 1 disorder. By specifying the presence of both major depressive and manic episodes, the correct answer encapsulates the full scope of symptoms that can occur in this disorder. Thus, the inclusion of both types of episodes emphasizes the complexity of bipolar 1 and the importance of recognizing its manic features.